While Mexico and Canada have secured a one-month reprieve from the Trump administration’s 25% tariff hike, US automakers and parts manufacturers remain on edge, awaiting further developments in the trade dispute among the three nations.
Given the deep integration of the US auto industry’s supply chain with its northern and southern neighbors, any tariff increase after the pause would come at a significant cost.
General Motors, the largest US automaker, produces 40% of its vehicles in Mexico and Canada. According to the Cato Institute, Mexican GM plants exported more than 700,000 vehicles to the US last year. Ford is less exposed. Only 358,000 of its vehicles came from Mexico in 2024. Stellantis—maker of the Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, and Ram product lines—followed with 314,000 vehicles. The Big Three’s foreign counterparts, Toyota, Honda, and Volkswagen, are also heavily invested in North America and would suffer as well.
Bernstein Research calculates that a 25% tariff would burden the auto industry with a $110 million daily surcharge; and Jefferies, the investment bank, estimates the tariffs would add $2,700 to the average price of a vehicle. Retail prices would go up, prodding consumers to buy less.
“The North American auto industry is highly integrated, and the imposition of tariffs would be detrimental to American jobs, investment, and consumers,” says Jennifer Safavian, CEO of Autos Drive America, the lobby representing foreign carmakers.
Big brands are used to assembling vehicles in the US, Canada, and Mexico. They procure essential components, including motors, transmissions, and simple components, from across the border. Some parts cross back and forth five or six times before they are incorporated into a finished vehicle. A 2025 Cato tariff study tracked a capacitor—an electrical component in a circuit board—on its journey. It was first bought in Colorado and shipped to Ciudad Juarez in Mexico to be included in a circuit board. The component was spotted in El Paso, Texas; and Matamoros, Mexico. It finished its trajectory in two seat-manufacturing plants, in Arlington, Texas; and Mississauga, Ontario.
