Country Report - Includes Egypt real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Egypt economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Egypt best banks and safest banks are also available..
Basic Information
Government Type: Presidential republic
Capital City: Cairo
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
| Central Bank | Central Bank of Egypt |
|---|---|
| Currency |
Egyptian pounds (EGP) |
| International Reserves |
USD 41.8 billion (2018) International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019 |
| Gross Domestic Product – GDP |
USD 249.6 billion (2018, estimate) |
| GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) |
Intl$ 1,296.3 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
| Real GDP growth |
2007 7.1% 2008 7.2% 2009 4.7% 2010 5.1% 2011 1.8% 2012 2.2% 2013 3.3% 2014 2.9% 2015 4.4% 2016 4.3% 2017 4.2% 2018* 5.3% *Estimate |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita – current prices |
USD 2,573.3 (2018, estimate) |
| GDP per capita – PPP |
Intl$ 13,366.5 (2018, estimate) |
| GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980 0.67% 1990 0.82% 2000 0.84% 2010 0.93% 2019* 0.98% *Estimate |
| GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 11.2% industry: 35.1% services: 51.4% (2018 estimate) |
| Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
| Inflation |
2015 11% 2016 10.2% 2017 23.5% 2018* 20.9% 2019* 13.9% *Estimate |
Egypt
Capital Raising & Corporate Finance
The New Competition For Listings
Emerging & Frontier Markets
Egypt: Staring Out Of The AbyssInflation & Debt
| Inflation |
2015 11% 2016 10.2% 2017 23.5% 2018* 20.9% 2019* 13.9% *Estimate |
|---|---|
| Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: B Moody’: B2 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
| Unemployment rate |
2015 12.9% 2016 12.7% 2017 12.2% 2018* 10.9% 2019* 8.6% |
| Household saving rates | N/A |
| Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015 88.5% 2016 96.8% 2017 103.2% 2018* 92.7% 2019* 84.9% *Estimate |
| Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015 -10.9% 2016 -12.5% 2017 -10.4% 2018* -9.4% 2019* -7.6% *Estimate |
| Market value of publicly traded shares |
2016 USD 33.3 billion 2017 USD 46.5 billion 2018 USD 42.0 billion |
| Largest Companies |
Commercial International Bank |
Import/Export
| Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
5.9% (2017) |
|---|---|
| Shares in world total merchandising export |
0.004% (2018) |
| Shares in world total commercial services export |
0.008% (2018) |
| Total exports |
USD 1.6 billion (2018 estimate) |
| Export commodities |
Opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems, and medical herbs |
| Total imports |
USD 8.3 billion (2018 estimate) |
| Import commodities |
Machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products |
| Exports – major partners |
India 56.5%, Pakistan 29.6% (2017) |
| Imports – major partners |
China 21%, Iran 20.5%, Pakistan 11.8%, Kazakhstan 11%, Uzbekistan 6.8%, Malaysia 5.3%(2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
| Current account balance |
USD -6.0 billion (2018 estimate) |
|---|---|
| Current account balance by percentage of GDP |
-2.4 % (2018 estimate) |
| FDI inflows |
2016 USD 8,107 million 2017 USD 7,409 million 2018 USD 6,798 million |
| FDI Outflows |
2016 USD 207 million 2017 USD 199 million 2018 USD 324 million |
| Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2015 USD 1,672 million 2016 USD 312 million 2017 USD 358 million 2018 USD -76 million United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – World Investment Report |
| Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
| Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
| Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 114 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 90 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 74 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 77 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 130 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 67 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 57 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 156 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 171 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 166 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 104 out of 190 countries |
| Global competitiveness ranking |
93 out of 141 countries (2019) |
| Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 144 / Score: 52.5 (Mostly unfree) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
| Total Area |
1,001,450 sq km |
|---|---|
| Total Population |
1990 51.36 million 2000 63.77 million 2010 78.73 million 2015 89 million 2020* 101.49 million *Estimate |
| Urban population as % of total population |
960 37.9% 1980 43.9% 2000 42.8% 2018 42.7% |
| Population median age |
23.9 years CIA World Factbook / Population median age |
| Population growth rate |
2.38% (2018 estimate) |
| Life expectancy |
73.2 years (2018 estimate) CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy |
| % of population living on less than $3.10 a day |
16.1% (last available estimate, 2015) |
| Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
31.8 (last available estimate, 2015) |
| Freedom House rating |
Not Free Political Rights: 6 Civil Liberties: 6 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
| Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 7.8% Fixed: 8% Mobile: 95.3% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
| Internet users as % of total population |
46.92 % (2018) |
Language & Religon
| Languages | Arabic (official), Arabic, English, and French widely understood by educated classes |
|---|---|
| Literacy |
Total population: 80.8% Male: 86.5% Female: 75% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2017 est.) |
| Religions |
Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10% (2015 est.) |
World Rankings
| Population | 2.8 M |
|---|---|
| Mercer Cost of living index | N/A |
| C02 Emissions per capita |
1.9 metric tons per capita (2018) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Egypt
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000