Includes India real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.
Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about India economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of India best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Federal parliamentary republic
Capital City: New Delhi
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
| Central Bank | Reserve Bank of India |
|---|---|
| Currency | Indian rupees (INR) |
| International Reserves |
USD 395.6 billion (2018) International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019 |
| Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 2,716.8 billion (2018, estimate) |
| GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 10,505.3 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
| Real GDP growth |
2007: 9.8% 2008: 3.9% 2009: 8.5% 2010: 10.3% 2011: 6.6% 2012: 5.5% 2013: 6.4% 2014: 7.4% 2015: 8% 2016: 8.2% 2017: 7.2% 2018*: 7.1% *Estimate |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita – current prices | USD 2,036.2 (2018, estimate) |
| GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 7,873.7 (2018, estimate) |
| GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980: 3.04% 1990: 3.84% 2000: 4.42% 2010: 6.27% 2019*: 8.1% *Estimate |
| GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 14.5% industry: 27% services: 49% (2018 estimate) |
| Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
| Inflation |
2015: 4.9% 2016: 4.5% 2017: 3.6% 2018*: 3.4% 2019*: 3.4% *Estimate |
India
Technology
India’s UPI Hits Record Volume
Emerging & Frontier Markets
India: Potential In Space Economics
Non-Economic Data
Most Technologically Advanced Countries In The World 2023Inflation & Debt
| Inflation |
2015: 4.9% 2016: 4.5% 2017: 3.6% 2018*: 3.4% 2019*: 3.4% *Estimate |
|---|---|
| Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: BBB- Moody’s: Baa2 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
| Unemployment rate | N/A |
| Household saving rates | N/A |
| Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015: 68.8% 2016: 67.7% 2017: 67.8% 2018*: 68.1% 2019*: 69% *Estimate |
| Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015: -7.2% 2016: -7.1% 2017: -7.0% 2018*: -6.4% 2019*: -7.5% *Estimate |
| Market value of publicly traded shares |
2016: USD 1,566.7 billion 2017: USD 2,331.6 billion 2018: USD 2,083.5 billion |
| Largest Companies |
Bharti Airtel, Wipro, JSW Steel, Power Grid of India, Hindalco Industries, HCL Technologies, Mahindra & Mahindra, IndusInd Bank, Bajaj Finserv, GAIL India, Punjab National Bank, Grasim Industries, Bank of Baroda, Power Finance, Canara Bank, Bank of India, Indiabulls Housing Finance, Vodafone Idea, Yes Bank, Asian Paints, Piramal Enterprises, Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Hero Motocorp, Corporation Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank, Oil & Natural Gas, Indian Oil, HDFC, Tata Consultancy Services, ICICI Bank, Larsen & Toubro, State Bank of India, NTPC, Tata Steel, Coal India, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Bharat Petroleum, Infosys, Axis Bank, Tata Motors, ITC, Union Bank of India, Bajaj Auto, Tech Mahindra, General Insurance Corporation Of India, Sun Pharma Industries, Rajesh Exports, Steel Authority of India, Adani Ports & Special Economic Zone, IDBI Bank, Central Bank of India, Syndicate Bank |
Import/Export
| Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
19.7% (2018) |
|---|---|
| Shares in world total merchandising export | 1.67% (2018) |
| Shares in world total commercial services export | 3.54% (2018) |
| Total exports |
USD 537.2 billion (2018 estimate) |
| Export commodities | Petroleum products, precious stones, vehicles, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, cereals, apparel |
| Total imports | USD 696.2 billion (2018 estimate) |
| Import commodities | Crude oil, precious stones, machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, plastics, iron and steel |
| Exports – major partners | US 15.6%, UAE 10.2%, Hong Kong 4.9%, China 4.3% (2017) |
| Imports – major partners | China 16.3%, US 5.5%, UAE 5.2%, Saudi Arabia 4.8%, Switzerland 4.7% (2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
| Current account balance | USD -57.2 billion (2018 estimate) |
|---|---|
| Current account balance by percentage of GDP |
-2.1 % (2018 estimate) |
| FDI inflows |
2016: USD 44,481 million 2017: USD 39,904 million 2018: USD 42,286 million |
| FDI Outflows |
2016: USD 5,072 million 2017: USD 11,141 million 2018: USD 11,037 million |
| Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2015: USD -612 million 2016: USD 8,462 million 2017: USD 1,212 million 2018: USD 1,105 million |
| Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
| Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, India, USD 3.2 billion |
| Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 63 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 136 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 27 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 22 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 154 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 13 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 115 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 68 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 163 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 52 out of 190 countries |
| Global competitiveness ranking |
68 out of 141 countries (2019) |
| Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 129 / Score: 55.2 (Mostly unfree) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
| Time Zone |
UTC+5.5 |
|---|---|
| Total Area |
3,287,263 sq km |
| Total Population |
1990: 847.5 million 2000: 1029.5 million 2010: 1200.66 million 2015*: 1282.92 million 2020*: 1369.56 million *Estimate |
| Urban population as % of total population |
1960: 17.9% 1980: 23.1% 2000: 27.7% 2018: 34% |
| Population median age | 28.1 years |
| Population growth rate | 1.14% (2018 estimate) |
| Life expectancy |
69.1 years (2018 estimate) CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy |
| % of population living on less than $3.10 a day | 60.4% (last available estimate, 2011) |
| Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
35.7 (last available estimate, 2011) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
| Freedom House rating |
Free Political Rights: 2 Civil Liberties: 3 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
| Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 1.6% Mobile: 86.9% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
| Internet users as % of total population | 34.45 % (2017) |
Language & Religon
| Languages |
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6% (2011 est.)Note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census) |
|---|---|
| Literacy |
Total population: 71.2% Male: 81.3% Female: 60.6% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) |
| Religions |
Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.) |
World Rankings
| Population | 1369.56 M |
|---|---|
| Mercer Cost of living index |
Mumbai: 67th New Delhi: 118th Chennai: 154th Bengaluru: 179th Kolkata: 189th (2019) |
| C02 Emissions per capita | 1.73 metric tons per capita (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: India
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.
Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000