Browse a full set of economic indicators

India

Includes India real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.

Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about India economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of India best banks and safest banks are also available.

Basic Information

Government Type: Federal parliamentary republic

Capital City: New Delhi

GDP & Economic Information

Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data

Central Bank Reserve Bank of India
Currency Indian rupees (INR)
International Reserves USD 395.6 billion (2018)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product – GDP USD 2,716.8 billion (2018, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) Intl$ 10,505.3 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP Data

Real GDP growth
2007: 9.8%
2008: 3.9%
2009: 8.5%
2010: 10.3%
2011: 6.6%
2012: 5.5%
2013: 6.4%
2014: 7.4%
2015: 8%
2016: 8.2%
2017: 7.2%
2018*: 7.1%
*Estimate
GDP per capita – current prices USD 2,036.2 (2018, estimate)
GDP per capita – PPP Intl$ 7,873.7 (2018, estimate)
GDP (PPP) – share of world total
1980: 3.04%
1990: 3.84%
2000: 4.42%
2010: 6.27%
2019*: 8.1%
*Estimate
GDP – composition by sector agriculture: 14.5%
industry: 27%
services: 49%
(2018 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) N/A
Inflation 2015: 4.9%
2016: 4.5%
2017: 3.6%
2018*: 3.4%
2019*: 3.4%
*Estimate

Inflation & Debt

Inflation 2015: 4.9%
2016: 4.5%
2017: 3.6%
2018*: 3.4%
2019*: 3.4%
*Estimate
Government Bond Ratings Standard & Poor’s: BBB-

Moody’s: Baa2

Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s
Unemployment rate N/A
Household saving rates N/A
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) 2015: 68.8%
2016: 67.7%
2017: 67.8%
2018*: 68.1%
2019*: 69%
*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP)
2015: -7.2%
2016: -7.1%
2017: -7.0%
2018*: -6.4%
2019*: -7.5%
*Estimate
Market value of publicly traded shares
2016: USD 1,566.7 billion
2017: USD 2,331.6 billion
2018: USD 2,083.5 billion
Largest Companies
Bharti Airtel, Wipro, JSW Steel, Power Grid of India, Hindalco Industries, HCL Technologies, Mahindra & Mahindra, IndusInd Bank, Bajaj Finserv, GAIL India, Punjab National Bank, Grasim Industries, Bank of Baroda, Power Finance, Canara Bank, Bank of India, Indiabulls Housing Finance, Vodafone Idea, Yes Bank, Asian Paints, Piramal Enterprises, Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Hero Motocorp, Corporation Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank, Oil & Natural Gas, Indian Oil, HDFC, Tata Consultancy Services, ICICI Bank, Larsen & Toubro, State Bank of India, NTPC, Tata Steel, Coal India, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Bharat Petroleum, Infosys, Axis Bank, Tata Motors, ITC, Union Bank of India, Bajaj Auto, Tech Mahindra, General Insurance Corporation Of India, Sun Pharma Industries, Rajesh Exports, Steel Authority of India, Adani Ports & Special Economic Zone, IDBI Bank, Central Bank of India, Syndicate Bank

Import/Export

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services)
19.7% (2018)
Shares in world total merchandising export 1.67% (2018)
Shares in world total commercial services export 3.54% (2018)
Total exports USD 537.2 billion (2018 estimate)
Export commodities Petroleum products, precious stones, vehicles, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, cereals, apparel
Total imports USD 696.2 billion (2018 estimate)
Import commodities Crude oil, precious stones, machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, plastics, iron and steel
Exports – major partners US 15.6%, UAE 10.2%, Hong Kong 4.9%, China 4.3% (2017)
Imports – major partners China 16.3%, US 5.5%, UAE 5.2%, Saudi Arabia 4.8%, Switzerland 4.7% (2017)

Competitiveness & Trade

Current account balance USD -57.2 billion (2018 estimate)
Current account balance by percentage of GDP
-2.1 % (2018 estimate)
FDI inflows 2016: USD 44,481 million
2017: USD 39,904 million
2018: USD 42,286 million
FDI Outflows 2016: USD 5,072 million
2017: USD 11,141 million
2018: USD 11,037 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser 2015: USD -612 million
2016: USD 8,462 million
2017: USD 1,212 million
2018: USD 1,105 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 N/A
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, India, USD 3.2 billion
Best countries for doing business
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

63 out of 190 countries

Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 136 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 27 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 22 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 154 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 25 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 13 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 115 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 68 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 163 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 52 out of 190 countries
Global competitiveness ranking
68 out of 141 countries

(2019)

Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 129 / Score: 55.2 (Mostly unfree)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed)

Population & Geographic Data

Time Zone UTC+5.5

Total Area 3,287,263 sq km

Total Population 1990: 847.5 million
2000: 1029.5 million
2010: 1200.66 million
2015*: 1282.92 million
2020*: 1369.56 million
*Estimate
Urban population as % of total population 1960: 17.9%
1980: 23.1%
2000: 27.7%
2018: 34%
Population median age 28.1 years
Population growth rate 1.14% (2018 estimate)
Life expectancy 69.1 years (2018 estimate)


CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day 60.4% (last available estimate, 2011)
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
35.7 (last available estimate, 2011)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Freedom House rating Free
Political Rights: 2
Civil Liberties: 3 (2019)

(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Total telephone subscribers as % of population
Fixed: 1.6% Mobile: 86.9% (2018)
(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Internet users as % of total population 34.45 % (2017)

Language & Religon

Languages
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6% (2011 est.)Note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census)
Literacy Total population: 71.2%
Male: 81.3%
Female: 60.6%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Religions
Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)

World Rankings

Population 1369.56 M
Mercer Cost of living index Mumbai: 67th
New Delhi: 118th
Chennai: 154th
Bengaluru: 179th
Kolkata: 189th

(2019)
C02 Emissions per capita 1.73 metric tons per capita (2014)

Global Finance Rankings & Awards: India

Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.


Data Sources:

IMF World Economic Outlook

UN World Population Prospects

World Inequality Report

S&P Global Ratings

Moody’s

Fitch Ratings

IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

CIA The World Factbook

World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution

Forbes Global 2000

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