Browse a full set of economic indicators

Spain

Includes Spain real Gross Domestic Product growth rate, with latest forecasts and historical data, GDP per capita, GDP composition and breakdown by sector.

Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Spain economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Spain best banks and safest banks are also available.

Basic Information

Government Type: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Capital City: Madrid

GDP & Economic Information

Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data

Central Bank Bank of Spain

Currency Euros (EUR)

International Reserves USD 70.7 billion (2018)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019
Gross Domestic Product – GDP USD 1,425.9 billion (2018, estimate)
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) Intl$ 1,864.4 billion (2018, estimate)

GDP Data

Real GDP growth 2007 3.8%
2008 1.1%
2009 -3.6%
2010 0%
2011 -1%
2012 -2.9%
2013 -1.7%
2014 1.4%
2015 3.7%
2016 3.2%
2017 3%
2018* 2.5%

*Estimate
GDP per capita – current prices USD 30,697.3 (2018, estimate)

GDP per capita – PPP Intl$ 40,138.8 (2018, estimate)

GDP (PPP) – share of world total 1980 2.28%
1990 2.22%
2000 1.98%
2010 1.66%
2019* 1.4%

*Estimate
GDP – composition by sector agriculture: 2.6%
industry: 21.9%
services: 65.9%
(2018 estimate)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) 1.2% (2017)

OECD, data retrieved October 2019
Inflation 2015 -0.5%
2016 -0.2%
2017 2%
2018* 1.7%
2019* 0.7%

*Estimate

Inflation & Debt

Inflation 2015 -0.5%
2016 -0.2%
2017 2%
2018* 1.7%
2019* 0.7%

*Estimate
Government Bond Ratings
Standard & Poor’s: A

Moody’s: Baa1

Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s
Unemployment rate 2015 22.1%
2016 19.6%
2017 17.2%
2018* 15.3%
2019* 13.9%

*Estimate
Household saving rates -0.8% (2017)

Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) 2015 99.3%
2016 99%
2017 98.1%
2018* 97.1%
2019* 96.4%

*Estimate
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) 2015 -5.3%
2016 -4.5%
2017 -3.1%
2018* -2.5%
2019* -2.2%

*Estimate
Market value of publicly traded shares 2016: USD 704.6 billion
2017: USD 888.8 billion
2018: USD 723.7 billion
Largest Companies Bankinter, Grifols, Ferrovial, Red Eléctrica, Merlin Properties SOCIMI S.A, Acciona, Unicaja Banco, Liberbank, Santander, BBVA-Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, Telefónica, Iberdrola, Repsol, Inditex, CaixaBank, Grupo ACS, Mapfre, Naturgy Energy Group, Aena, Bankia, Amadeus IT Group, Banco de Sabadell

Import/Export

Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) 34.3% (2018)
Shares in world total merchandising export 1.77% (2018)
Shares in world total commercial services export 2.58% (2018)
Total exports USD 487.3 billion (2018 estimate)
Export commodities Machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods

Total imports USD 460.6 billion (2018 estimate)

Import commodities Machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments

Exports – major partners France 15.1%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 7.8%, Portugal 7.1%, UK 6.9%, US 4.4% (2017)

Imports – major partners Germany 14.2%, France 11.9%, China 6.9%, Italy 6.8%, Netherlands 5.1%, UK 4% (2017)

Competitiveness & Trade

Current account balance USD 13.2 billion (2018 estimate)

Current account balance by percentage of GDP 0.9 % (2018 estimate)

FDI inflows 2016: USD 27,658 million
2017: USD 20,918 million
2018: USD 43,591 million
FDI Outflows 2016: USD 43,620 million
2017: USD 39,964 million
2018: USD 31,620 million
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser 2015: USD 17,255 million
2016: USD 3,254 million
2017: USD 4,770 million
2018: USD 67 million
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 Vodafone Holdings Europe SLU, Grupo Corporativo ONO SA, Spain, USD 10.0 billion / Banco Santander SA, Banco Santander(Brasil)SA, Brazil, USD 3.3 billion

Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 Repsol SA, Talisman Energy Inc, Canada, USD 8.3 billion
Best countries for doing business Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.

Overall ranking:

30 out of 190 countries

​Subcategories:
Starting a Business: 97 out of 190 countries
Dealing with Construction Permits: 79 out of 190 countries
Getting Electricity: 55 out of 190 countries
Registering Property: 59 out of 190 countries
Getting Credit: 80 out of 190 countries
Protecting Minority Investors: 28 out of 190 countries
Paying Taxes: 35 out of 190 countries
Trading across Borders: 1 out of 190 countries
Enforcing Contracts: 26 out of 190 countries
Resolving Insolvency: 18 out of 190 countries
Global competitiveness ranking 23 out of 141 countries

(2019)
Index of Economic Freedom
Ranking: 57 / Score: 65.7 (Moderately free)

(100=totally free 0=totally repressed )

Population & Geographic Data

Time Zone UTC+1

Total Area 505,370 sq km



Total Population 1990: 39.12 million
2000: 40.55 million
2010: 46.56 million
2015: 46.41 million
2020: 46.87 million (Estimate)
Urban population as % of total population 1960: 56.6%
1980: 72.8%
2000: 76.3%
2018: 80.3%
Population median age 43.1 years

Population growth rate 0.73% (2018 estimate)

Life expectancy 81.8 years (2018 estimate)



CIA World Factbook / Life expectancy
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day 1.5% (last available estimate, 2015)

Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index)
36.2 (last available estimate, 2015)

(0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality)
Freedom House rating Free
Political Rights: 1
Civil Liberties: 1 (2019)
(1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating)
Total telephone subscribers as % of population Fixed: 42.1% Mobile: 115.9% (2018)

(fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers)
Internet users as % of total population 86.11 % (2018)

Language & Religon

Languages Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the BasqNote: Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Literacy Total population: 98.3%
Male: 98.8%
Female: 97.7%
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.)
Religions Roman Catholic 68.9%, atheist 11.3%, agnostic 7.6%, other 2.8%, non-believer 8.2%, unspecified 1.1% (2019 est.)

World Rankings

Population 46.87 M
Mercer Cost of living index Madrid: 82nd
Barcelona: 91st

(2019)
C02 Emissions per capita 5.03 metric tons per capita (2014)

Global Finance Rankings & Awards: Spain

Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.


Data Sources:

IMF World Economic Outlook

UN World Population Prospects

World Inequality Report

S&P Global Ratings

Moody’s

Fitch Ratings

IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

CIA The World Factbook

World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution

Forbes Global 2000

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